Member States are preparing to negotiate a draft of a new convention on cybercrime. On 26 May 2021, the UN General Assembly (GA) adopted R, according to which a draft is to be provided to the GA at its 78^th session, which will begin in September 2023 and conclude in September 2024.

The GA on 27 December 2019 adopted Resolution 74/247 on “Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes”, launching a process towards a new international treaty on cybercrime, and establishing an Ad Hoc Committee to elaborate a “comprehensive international convention”.

There are a number of treaties and conventions of varying scope that address the issue of cybercrime, but there is no UN legal instrument on cybercrime.

According to Resolution 75/282, the process towards the UN convention shall take into account existing international instruments and efforts at the national, regional and international levels on combating the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes. This also includes the work and outcomes of the open-ended intergovernmental Expert Group to Conduct a Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime.

The open-ended intergovernmental Expert Group to Conduct a Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime was established by the Vienna-based Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ) on the request of GA Resolution 65/230, and is a subsidiary body of CCPCJ The Expert Group is separate from the Ad Hoc Committee negotiating the new cybercrime convention, which is a subsidiary body of the GA with a different mandate.
 

The Ad Hoc Committee convened a three-day organizational session in May 2021 (postponed from August 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic: 74/567; 75/555) in New York, where it elected the Officers of the Committee and discussed an outline and modalities for further activities. The Committee also held informal consultations under the leadership of its Chair to facilitate the fulfilment of its mandates.

According to the terms of Resolution 75/282, the Committee will convene at least six negotiating sessions, each lasting 10 days, and a concluding session in New York to adopt a draft convention and provide it to the General Assembly at its 78th session. 
 
The first session of the Ad Hoc Committee was scheduled to be held in New York from 17 to 28 January 2022, but in view of COVID-19 related developments the General Assembly decided on 20 January 2022 to postpone the first session (document symbol when adopted: A/76/L.33.rev.1). The General Assembly further decided that the Ad Hoc Committee shall hold a one-day meeting in New York as soon as possible, preferably before 28 February 2022, for the purpose of addressing organizational matters; convene at least six sessions of 10 days each, held no less than 11 weeks apart; and hold its first negotiation session in New York no later than 18 April 2022, health conditions and space permitting. If health conditions and space do not permit a meeting in New York by April 2022, the Ad Hoc Committee shall hold its first negotiation session in May 2022, with the first, third and fourth sessions in Vienna and the second, fifth and sixth sessions in New York, with a concluding session taking place in New York.

Resolution 75/282 encourages the Chair of the Ad Hoc Committee to solicit inputs from a diverse range of stakeholders. The Resolution also reaffirms that representatives of nongovernmental organizations with ECOSOC consultative status may register with the secretariat in order to participate in the sessions, and it lays out the modalities for the participation of representatives from groups – other non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions and the private sector – including those with expertise in the field of cybercrime.
 

UNODC serves as Secretariat for the Ad Hoc Committee, including for the sessions in Vienna and New York.
UNODC also has a Global Programme on Cybercrime, mandated to assist Member States in their struggle against cyber-related crimes through capacity building and technical assistance.  For more information: Global Programme on Cybercrime (unodc.org)

Cybercrime refers to all the activities done with criminal intent in cyberspace. Because of the anonymous nature of the internet, miscreants engage in a variety of criminal activities. The field of cybercrime is just emerging and new forms of criminal activities in cyberspace are coming to the forefront with each passing day.
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CyberCrime

Watching cyber pornography in private area is not a crime. For more details, visit
https://legal.bihar.in/child-sexually-abusive-material-csam/

Yes, watching child pornography is a crime.
For more details, visit -https://legal.bihar.in/child-sexually-abusive-material-csam/

Report ATM fraud to nearest police station or online at national cybercrime reporting portal.
For more details, visit-https://legal.bihar.in/debit-card-fraud-cyber-crime/

Yes, featured phone can also be used as a tool for ATM fraud.
More details, visit –

Report           to        nearest           police station.         
  For      more   details,            visit     –

Yes,    WhatsApp      can      be        hacked.        
  For      more   details,            visit     –

Report           to        nearest           police station.          
For      more   details,            visit     –

Report to nearest police station. If the blackmailer asks for money, do not pay them. Paying money will make him/her continue to blackmail for larger amounts.

Strong passwords contains both uppercase and lowercase letters along with digits and special symbols like @, #, $, %, &, <, >, etc. For more details, visit –

Cybercrimes can be basically divided into three major categories −
    Cybercrimes against persons,             Cybercrimes against property, and        Cybercrimes against Government.

Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission of child pornography, harassment using e-mails and cyber-stalking. Posting and distributing obscene material is one of the most important Cybercrimes known today.

Cyber harassment is a distinct cybercrime. Various kinds of harassment does occur in cyberspace. Harassment can be sexual, racial, religious, or other. Cyber harassment as a crime also brings us to another related area of violation of privacy of netizens. Violation of privacy of online citizens is a Cybercrime of a grave nature.

Cybercrimes against all forms of property include unauthorized computer trespassing through cyberspace, computer vandalism, transmission of harmful programs, and unauthorized possession of computerized information.

Hacking is amongst the gravest Cybercrimes known till date. It is a dreadful feeling to know that a stranger has broken into your computer system without your knowledge and has tampered with precious confidential data.
The bitter truth is that no computer system in the world is hacking proof. It is unanimously agreed that any system, however secure it might look, can be hacked. The recent denial of service attacks seen over the popular commercial sites like E-bay, Yahoo, and Amazon are a new category of Cybercrimes which are slowly emerging as being extremely dangerous.
Using one’s own programming abilities to gain unauthorized access to a computer or network is a very serious crime. Similarly, the creation and dissemination of harmful computer programs which do irreparable damage to computer systems is another kind of Cybercrime.

Cyber Terrorism is one distinct example of cybercrime against government. The growth of Internet has shown that the medium of cyberspace is being used by individuals and groups to threaten the governments as also to terrorize the citizens of a country. This crime manifests itself into terrorism when an individual hacks into a government or military maintained website.

In India, we have IT Act which has sections which punish cyber criminals.

Vishing is the criminal practice of using social influence over the telephone system, most often using features facilitated by Voice over IP (VoIP), to gain access to sensitive information such as credit card details from the public. The term is a combination of “Voice” and phishing.
Read More About Vishing at: Vishing

Mail fraud is an offense under United States federal law, which includes any scheme that attempts to unlawfully obtain money or valuables in which the postal system is used at any point in the commission of a criminal offense.

It is the practice of using the telephone network to display a number on the recipient’s Caller ID display which is not that of the actual originating station.

It is the act or practice of obtaining secrets from individuals, competitors, rivals, groups, governments, and enemies for military, political, or economic advantage using illegal exploitation methods on the internet.
Read More About Cyber Espionage: Espionage

Sabotage literally means willful damage to any machinery or materials or disruption of work. In the context of cyberspace, it is a threat to the existence of computers and satellites used by military activities

South Korea is the first democratic country in which this law was introduced first.

Bots are one of the most sophisticated types of crime-ware facing the internet today. Bots earn their unique name by performing a wide variety of automated tasks on behalf of the cyber criminals. They play a part in “denial of service” attack in internet.

Trojans and spyware are the tools a cyber-criminal might use to obtain unauthorized access and steal information from a victim as part of an attack.
Read More About : Trojans & Spyware

Phishing and Pharming are the most common ways to perform identity theft which is a form of cyber-crime in which criminals use the internet to steal personal information from others.
Read More About Phishing: Phishing
Read More About Pharming: Pharming

1. Read the latest ways hackers create phishing scams to gain access to your personal information.
2. Install a firewall on your computer to keep unwanted threats and attacks to a minimum.
3. Use caution while opening emails and clicking links. You should read carefully while downloading content from unverified sources.
4. Create strong passwords for any websites where personal information is stored.

You can protect your banking information by taking the following preventive measures:
Do not write down login and password information.
Never provide your login information to anyone.
Change your password at least once each quarter.
Check your financial statements regularly, and report all suspicious activities.

Keep the following in mind to save yourself from fraud:
.Be suspicious of any email, website, or person asking for financial information or passwords.
.Don’t click on suspect links or open email attachments.
.Regularly change passwords.
.Review financial statements.
.Install updates offered by your operating system and software providers.  Update antivirus regularly
Read More About Fraud: Fraud

Yes, it would amount to cybercrime. It is termed as “voyeurism” under section 345C of Indian Penal Code,1860 and is punishable with imprisonment of 3 to 7 years.

Yes, they can. Each time you click away an update prompt, vulnerabilities in the apps you use expose your system to cyber-attacks. Cyber criminals take advantage of these, make you navigate to fake websites, download malicious PDF documents or click on infected web banners on legitimate website.

Complex, long passwords are better, but they’re only useful in certain conditions. However, complex passwords are not enough to keep your profile protected. You need to:
.Manage passwords safely by using a password manager.
.Turn on 2-step authentication wherever it’s available.
.Make sure the sensitive websites you visit (online banking, online shopping, etc.) use an encrypted connection.
.Keep your browser and software updated.

Gather all information you saved or printed when you were ordering and call the store’s customer service department. Try to straighten things out directly. If the store refuses to consider your complaints, or temporizes, or doesn’t answer the phone, you better talk to your credit card company or best file a complaint at the cyber cell.
 

The IT Act of India states that, when a cybercrime has been committed it shall have global jurisdiction. Hence, a complaint can be filed at any cyber cell situated in your city or elsewhere. It is advisable to always approach a cyber cell that is closer to your place for better access.